The HIV-1 Envelope Transmembrane Domain Binds TLR2 through a Distinct Dimerization Motif and Inhibits TLR2-Mediated Responses
Figure 2
ENV TMD inhibits secretion of cytokines and chemokines induced by TLR2.
(A–C) RAW cells were incubated with/without the indicated peptides for 2 hours, then washed twice and activated with 500 ng hours, then washed twice and activated with 500 ng ng/ml of purified LTA. Media was collected after 5 hours (TNFα) or 24 hours (MCP-1 and IL-6). ELISA was performed using standard kits. (n = 3, ± represent SD) (D) THP-1 human macrophages were incubated using similar conditions as described in A, and TNFα levels were measured (* - p<0.05).