TY - JOUR T1 - Virus-Infection or 5′ppp-RNA Activates Antiviral Signal through Redistribution of IPS-1 Mediated by MFN1 A1 - Onoguchi, Kazuhide A1 - Onomoto, Koji A1 - Takamatsu, Shiori A1 - Jogi, Michihiko A1 - Takemura, Azumi A1 - Morimoto, Shiho A1 - Julkunen, Ilkka A1 - Namiki, Hideo A1 - Yoneyama, Mitsutoshi A1 - Fujita, Takashi Y1 - 2010/07/22 N2 - Author Summary Virus-infections, such as influenza and chronic hepatitis C, are prominent diseases and outbreaks of newly emerging viruses are serious problems for modern society. Higher animals, including humans, are genetically equipped with mechanisms, collectively known as innate immunity, to counteract viral infections. RIG-I-like receptor (RLR), a cytoplasmic sensor, contributes to immune regulation by detecting infections by RNA viruses and triggering a series of responses which results in the activation of innate antiviral genes. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that IPS-1, the adaptor protein of RLR, is expressed on mitochondrial outer membrane. Mitochondrion is an organelle of prokaryotic cell origin; it regulates energy production, and is involved in cell growth and cell death. Why IPS-1 is located on the mitochondrial outer membrane and how mitochondria are involved in antiviral signaling are yet to be explained clearly. In this report, we discovered that mitochondrial fusion protein MFN1 plays a novel function to mediate IPS-1 redistribution, which appears to be a critical step in RLR signaling. JF - PLOS Pathogens JA - PLOS Pathogens VL - 6 IS - 7 UR - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001012 SP - e1001012 EP - PB - Public Library of Science M3 - doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1001012 ER -