About the Authors

Sarah A. Stanley

Contributed equally to this work with: Sarah A. Stanley, Amy K. Barczak

Affiliations The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Division of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America

Amy K. Barczak

Contributed equally to this work with: Sarah A. Stanley, Amy K. Barczak

Affiliations The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Division of Infectious Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Melanie R. Silvis

Affiliation The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Samantha S. Luo

Affiliation Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Kimberly Sogi

Affiliation Division of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America

Martha Vokes

Affiliation The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Mark-Anthony Bray

Affiliation The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Anne E. Carpenter

Affiliation The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Christopher B. Moore

Affiliation The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Noman Siddiqi

Affiliation Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Eric J. Rubin

Affiliation Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Deborah T. Hung

hung@molbio.mgh.harvard.edu

Affiliations The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

Sarah Stanley received a Helen Hay Whitney postdoctoral fellowship from 2008–2011 that was sponsored by Novartis. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS Pathogens policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SAS AKB NS EJR DTH. Performed the experiments: SAS AKB MRS SSL KS NS. Analyzed the data: SAS AKB MRS SSL KS MV MAB AEC CBM DTH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: CBM. Wrote the paper: SAS AKB DTH.