About the Authors

Anna D. Kosinska

Affiliation Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany

Ejuan Zhang

Affiliations Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China

Lena Johrden

Affiliation Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany

Jia Liu

Affiliation Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany

Pia L. Seiz

Affiliation Institute of Medical Virology, National Reference Centre for Hepatitis B and D Viruses, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany

Xiaoyong Zhang

Affiliations Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany, Hepatology Unit and Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China

Zhiyong Ma

Affiliation Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany

Thekla Kemper

Affiliation Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany

Melanie Fiedler

Affiliation Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany

Dieter Glebe

Affiliation Institute of Medical Virology, National Reference Centre for Hepatitis B and D Viruses, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany

Oliver Wildner

Affiliation Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Division of Medical Biotechnology, Langen, Germany

Ulf Dittmer

Affiliation Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany

Mengji Lu

Affiliation Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany

Michael Roggendorf

michael.roggendorf@uni-due.de

Affiliation Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: ADK DG OW ML MR. Performed the experiments: ADK EZ LJ JL PLS XZ ZM TK MF. Analyzed the data: ADK EZ. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: ADK EZ MF ZM UD DG ML MR. Wrote the paper: ADK ML MR.