About the Authors

Michael Walther

Michael.Walther@nih.gov

Affiliations Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, Banjul, Gambia, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America

Adam De Caul

Affiliation Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, Banjul, Gambia

Peter Aka

Affiliation Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, Banjul, Gambia

Madi Njie

Affiliation Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, Banjul, Gambia

Alfred Amambua-Ngwa

Affiliation Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, Banjul, Gambia

Brigitte Walther

Affiliation Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, Banjul, Gambia

Irene M. Predazzi

Affiliation Vanderbilt Medical Center, Division of Human Genomics and Center for Human Genetics Research, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Aubrey Cunnington

Affiliations Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, Banjul, Gambia, Department of Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Susanne Deininger

Affiliations Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, Banjul, Gambia, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, Germany

Ebako N. Takem

Affiliation Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, Banjul, Gambia

Augustine Ebonyi

Affiliation Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, Banjul, Gambia

Sebastian Weis

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

Robert Walton

Affiliations Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, Banjul, Gambia, Institute of Health Sciences Education, Barts and the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London, United Kingdom

Sarah Rowland-Jones

Affiliations Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, Banjul, Gambia, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom

Giorgio Sirugo

Affiliation Centro di Genetica, Centro di Ricerca Scientifica, Ospedale San Pietro FBF, Rome, Italy

Scott M. Williams

Affiliation Vanderbilt Medical Center, Division of Human Genomics and Center for Human Genetics Research, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

David J. Conway

Affiliations Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, Banjul, Gambia, Department of Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: M. Walther, A. DeCaul, P. Aka, A. Amambua-Ngwa, I. M. Predazzi, A. Cunnington, S. Deininger, S. Weis, R. Walton, S. Rowland-Jones, G. Sirugo, S. M. Williams, D. J. Conway. Performed the experiments: M. Walther, A. DeCaul, M. Njie, A. Cunnington, I. M. Predazzi, S. Deininger, E. N. Takem, A. Ebonyi. Analyzed the data: M. Walther, A. DeCaul, B. Walther, I. M. Predazzi, S. Deininger, D. J. Conway. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: R. Walton, S. Williams, G. Sirugo. Wrote the paper: M. Walther, A. DeCaul, A. Cunnington, G. Sirugo, S. Williams, D. J. Conway.