About the Authors

Ana Negredo

Contributed equally to this work with: Ana Negredo, Gustavo Palacios

Affiliation National Center of Microbiology, (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain

Gustavo Palacios

Contributed equally to this work with: Ana Negredo, Gustavo Palacios

gustavo.f.palacios.ctr@us.army.mil

Affiliation Center for Infection and Immunity, and WHO Collaborating Centre for Diagnostics, Surveillance and Immunotherapeutics for Emerging Infectious and Zoonotic Diseases, Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America

Sonia Vázquez-Morón

Affiliation National Center of Microbiology, (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain

Félix González

Affiliation Grupo Asturiano para el Estudio y Conservacion de los Murciélagos, Posada de Llanera, Principado de Asturias, Spain

Hernán Dopazo

Affiliation Evolutionary Genomics Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain

Francisca Molero

Affiliation National Center of Microbiology, (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain

Javier Juste

Affiliation Evolutionary Biology Unit, Estación Biológica Doñana (CSIC), Sevilla, Spain

Juan Quetglas

Affiliation Evolutionary Biology Unit, Estación Biológica Doñana (CSIC), Sevilla, Spain

Nazir Savji

Affiliation Center for Infection and Immunity, and WHO Collaborating Centre for Diagnostics, Surveillance and Immunotherapeutics for Emerging Infectious and Zoonotic Diseases, Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America

Maria de la Cruz Martínez

Affiliation National Center of Microbiology, (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain

Jesus Enrique Herrera

Affiliation Center for Infection and Immunity, and WHO Collaborating Centre for Diagnostics, Surveillance and Immunotherapeutics for Emerging Infectious and Zoonotic Diseases, Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America

Manuel Pizarro

Affiliation Service of Pathology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary School, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain

Stephen K. Hutchison

Affiliation Roche Life Sciences, Branford, Connecticut, United States of America

Juan E. Echevarría

Affiliation National Center of Microbiology, (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain

W. Ian Lipkin

These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Center for Infection and Immunity, and WHO Collaborating Centre for Diagnostics, Surveillance and Immunotherapeutics for Emerging Infectious and Zoonotic Diseases, Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America

Antonio Tenorio

These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation National Center of Microbiology, (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain

Competing Interests

Stephen Hutchison is an employee at 454 Life Sciences, a division of Roche Inc.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AN GP FG NS MP JEE WIL AT. Performed the experiments: AN GP SVM FG HD MP FM JJ JQ NS MDLCM JEH MP SH. Analyzed the data: AN GP NS HD JJ JQ MP WIL AT. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SH JEH FG AN JEE JQ. Wrote the paper: AN GP WIL AT.