About the Authors

Ben-Jiang Ma

Affiliation Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

S. Munir Alam

Affiliations Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Eden P. Go

Affiliation Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America

Xiaozhi Lu

Affiliation Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Heather Desaire

Affiliation Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America

Georgia D. Tomaras

Affiliations Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America, Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America, Deparment of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Cindy Bowman

Affiliation Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Laura L. Sutherland

Affiliation Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Richard M. Scearce

Affiliation Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Sampa Santra

Affiliation Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Norman L. Letvin

Affiliation Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Thomas B. Kepler

Affiliation Center for Computational Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Hua-Xin Liao

Contributed equally to this work with: Hua-Xin Liao, Barton F. Haynes

hliao@duke.edu (H-XL); hayne002@mc.duke.edu (BFH)

Affiliations Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Barton F. Haynes

Contributed equally to this work with: Hua-Xin Liao, Barton F. Haynes

hliao@duke.edu (H-XL); hayne002@mc.duke.edu (BFH)

Affiliations Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America, Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: BFH HXL SMA NLL HD. Performed the experiments: BJM SMA EPG XZL CB LLS RMS SS GDT. Analyzed the data: BJM SMA HD TBK NLL HXL BFH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: BJM TBK HXL. Wrote the paper: HXL BJM BFH.