About the Authors

Joshua Chang Mell

Affiliation University of British Columbia, Department of Zoology, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Svetlana Shumilina

Affiliation University of Virginia School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America

Ira M. Hall

Affiliation University of Virginia School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America

Rosemary J. Redfield

redfield@interchange.ubc.ca

Affiliation University of British Columbia, Department of Zoology, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JCM IMH RJR. Performed the experiments: JCM SS. Analyzed the data: JCM IMH RJR. Wrote the paper: JCM RJR.