About the Authors
- Kenneth Plante
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Affiliation Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Eryu Wang
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Affiliation Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Charalambos D. Partidos
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Affiliation Inviragen Inc, Madison, Wisconsin and Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- James Weger
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Affiliations Inviragen Inc, Madison, Wisconsin and Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Rodion Gorchakov
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Affiliation Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Konstantin Tsetsarkin
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Affiliation Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Erin M. Borland
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Affiliation Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- Ann M. Powers
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Affiliation Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- Robert Seymour
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Affiliation Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Dan T. Stinchcomb
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Affiliation Inviragen Inc, Madison, Wisconsin and Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- Jorge E. Osorio
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Affiliation Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Ilya Frolov
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Affiliation Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Scott C. Weaver
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* E-mail: sweaver@utmb.edu
Affiliation Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
Competing Interests
CDP, JW and DTS are employees of Inviragen, Inc. DTS is a stockholder and board member of Inviragen, Inc. JEO is a consultant and stockholder of Inviragen, Inc. IF and SCW are inventors on a UTMB patent application describing IRES-attenuated alphavirus vaccines. Inviragen has obtained license to the patent for commercial development.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: KP EW CDP RS DS JO IF SCW. Performed the experiments: KP EW CDP RG KT EMB AMP RS JW. Analyzed the data: KP EW CDP RG KT EMB AMP RS. Wrote the paper: KP RS SCW.