About the Authors

Xiaofei E

Contributed equally to this work with: Xiaofei E, Mary T. Pickering

Affiliations Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America, Program in Immunology and Virology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America

Mary T. Pickering

Contributed equally to this work with: Xiaofei E, Mary T. Pickering

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America

Michelle Debatis

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America

Jonathan Castillo

Affiliations Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America, Program in Immunology and Virology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America

Alexander Lagadinos

Affiliations Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America, Program in Immunology and Virology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America

Shixia Wang

Affiliations Program in Immunology and Virology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America, Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Vaccines, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America

Shan Lu

Affiliations Program in Immunology and Virology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America, Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Vaccines, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America

Timothy F. Kowalik

timothy.kowalik@umassmed.edu

Affiliations Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America, Program in Immunology and Virology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: XE MTP TFK. Performed the experiments: XE MTP MD JC. Analyzed the data: XE MTP MD AL TFK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: XE MTP MD JC AL SW SL. Wrote the paper: XE MTP MD TFK.