About the Authors

Jeffrey A. Anderson

Contributed equally to this work with: Jeffrey A. Anderson, Li-Hua Ping

Affiliations UNC Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America, Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Li-Hua Ping

Contributed equally to this work with: Jeffrey A. Anderson, Li-Hua Ping

Affiliations UNC Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America, Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Oliver Dibben

Affiliation The Edward Jenner Institute for Vaccine Research, Compton, Berkshire, United Kingdom

Cassandra B. Jabara

Affiliations UNC Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America, Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America, Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Leslie Arney

Affiliations UNC Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America, Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Laura Kincer

Affiliations UNC Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America, Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Yuyang Tang

Affiliations UNC Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America, Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Marcia Hobbs

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Irving Hoffman

Affiliations UNC Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Peter Kazembe

Affiliation Baylor Pediatric Center of Excellence, Lilongwe, Malawi

Corbin D. Jones

Affiliation Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Persephone Borrow

Affiliation The Edward Jenner Institute for Vaccine Research, Compton, Berkshire, United Kingdom

Susan Fiscus

Affiliations UNC Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Myron S. Cohen

Affiliations UNC Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Ronald Swanstrom

risunc@med.unc.edu

Affiliations UNC Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America, Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

and the Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JAA LHP OD IH PK PB MSC RS. Performed the experiments: LHP OD LA LK YT RS. Analyzed the data: JAA LHP OD CBJ LK MH CDJ PB SF RS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JAA OD CBJ MH IH PK CDJ PB SF MSC. Wrote the paper: JAA LHP RS. Performed the cytokine and chemokine analyses and helped develop the model in Figure 5: OD PB. Performed all viral RNA load assays and managed the sample repository: SF.