About the Authors

Carl De Trez

Affiliation Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium

Stefan Magez

Affiliation Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions, Vlaams Interuniversitair Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium

Shizuo Akira

Affiliation Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka, Japan

Bernhard Ryffel

Affiliation University of Orleans, Transgenose Institute, CNRS, UMR 6218, Orleans, France

Yves Carlier

Affiliation Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium

Eric Muraille

emuraille@hotmail.com

Affiliation Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: CDT EM. Performed the experiments: CDT EM. Analyzed the data: CDT EM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SM SA BR YC EM. Wrote the paper: CDT EM.