About the Authors

Kelly L Warfield

Contributed equally to this work with: Kelly L Warfield, Dana L Swenson

Affiliation US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Dana L Swenson

Contributed equally to this work with: Kelly L Warfield, Dana L Swenson

Affiliation US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Gene G Olinger

Affiliation US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Donald K Nichols

Affiliation US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

William D Pratt

Affiliation US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Robert Blouch

Affiliation AVI BioPharma, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America

David A Stein

Affiliation AVI BioPharma, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America

M. Javad Aman

Affiliation US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Patrick L Iversen

Affiliation AVI BioPharma, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America

Sina Bavari

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: sina.bavari@amedd.army.mil

Affiliation US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Competing Interests

RB, DAS, and PLI have financial interest in AVI BioPharma, the company that supplied the PMO compounds for these studies.

Author Contributions

KLW, DLS, GGO, DKN, WDP, RB, DAS, PLI, and SB conceived and designed the experiments. KLW, DLS, GGO, DKN, WDP, RB, DAS, and SB performed the experiments. KLW, DLS, GGO, DKN, WDP, RB, DAS, MJA, PLI, and SB analyzed the data. PLI and SB contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools. KLW, MJA, DAS, and SB wrote the paper.