About the Authors

Maarten Vercruysse

Affiliation Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Caroline Köhrer

Affiliation Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Bryan W. Davies

Affiliation Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America

Markus F. F. Arnold

Affiliation Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

John J. Mekalanos

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachussets, United States of America

Uttam L. RajBhandary

Affiliation Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Graham C. Walker

gwalker@mit.edu

Affiliation Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MV CK BWD MFFA JJM ULR GCW. Performed the experiments: MV CK BWD MFFA. Analyzed the data: MV CK BWD MFFA. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MV CK BWD MFFA JJM ULR GCW. Wrote the paper: MV CK ULR GCW.