About the Authors

Lina Josefsson

Lina.josefsson@ki.se

Affiliations Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell-biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden, Department of Diagnostics and Vaccinology, Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, Solna, Sweden, HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Sarah Palmer

Current address: Centre for Virus Research, Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia

Affiliations Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell-biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden, Department of Diagnostics and Vaccinology, Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, Solna, Sweden, HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Nuno R. Faria

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

Philippe Lemey

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

Joseph Casazza

Affiliation Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

David Ambrozak

Affiliation Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Mary Kearney

Affiliation HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Wei Shao

Affiliation HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Shyamasundaran Kottilil

Affiliation Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Michael Sneller

Affiliation Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

John Mellors

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

John M. Coffin

Affiliation Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Frank Maldarelli

Affiliation HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: LJ SP JMC FM. Performed the experiments: LJ JC DA. Analyzed the data: LJ SP NRF PL JMC FM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MK WS JM SK MS. Wrote the paper: LJ SP FM JMC.