About the Authors

Roger D. Kouyos

Contributed equally to this work with: Roger D. Kouyos, Viktor von Wyl, Huldrych F. Günthard, Sebastian Bonhoeffer

sebastian.bonhoeffer@env.ethz.ch (SB); rkouyos@princeton.edu (RDK)

Affiliations ETH Zürich, Institute of Integrative Biology, Zürich, Switzerland, Princeton University, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America

Viktor von Wyl

Contributed equally to this work with: Roger D. Kouyos, Viktor von Wyl, Huldrych F. Günthard, Sebastian Bonhoeffer

Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

Trevor Hinkley

Affiliation ETH Zürich, Institute of Integrative Biology, Zürich, Switzerland

Christos J. Petropoulos

Affiliation Monogram Biosciences, South San Francisco, California, United States of America

Mojgan Haddad

Affiliation Monogram Biosciences, South San Francisco, California, United States of America

Jeannette M. Whitcomb

Affiliation Monogram Biosciences, South San Francisco, California, United States of America

Jürg Böni

Affiliation Swiss National Center for Retroviruses, Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich

Sabine Yerly

Affiliation Laboratory of Virology and AIDS Center, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland

Cristina Cellerai

Affiliation Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

Thomas Klimkait

Affiliation Institute of Medical Microbiology, Department Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

Huldrych F. Günthard

Contributed equally to this work with: Roger D. Kouyos, Viktor von Wyl, Huldrych F. Günthard, Sebastian Bonhoeffer

Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

Sebastian Bonhoeffer

Contributed equally to this work with: Roger D. Kouyos, Viktor von Wyl, Huldrych F. Günthard, Sebastian Bonhoeffer

sebastian.bonhoeffer@env.ethz.ch (SB); rkouyos@princeton.edu (RDK)

Affiliation ETH Zürich, Institute of Integrative Biology, Zürich, Switzerland

the Swiss HIV Cohort Study

Competing Interests

Potential conflicts of interest: H.F.G. has been an adviser and/or consultant for GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), Abbott, Gilead, Merck Sharp & Dohme (MSD), Novartis, Boehringer Ingelheim, Roche, Tibotec, Jansen-Cilag and Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS) and has received unrestricted research and educational grants from Roche, Abbott, BMS, GSK, Gilead, Pfizer, ViiV Healthcare, Tibotec, and MSD (all money went to institution). S.Y. has participated in advisory boards of BMS and Tibotec and has received travel grants from GSK and MSD. M.C. has received travel grants from Abbott, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Gilead. E.B. has been an advisor and/or consultant for Gilead and Abbott, has been a member of an advisory board of ViiV, Gilead, Tibotec, Pfitzer, and MSD, and has received research grants from Gilead and Abbott as well as travel grants from BMS, Gilead, ViiV, MSD, Abbott, and Tibotec. P.L.V. has been a member of an advisory board of MSD, Tibotec, Gilead, and ViiV and has received payment for lectures from Gilead, Tibotec, and GSK. All other authors report no potential conflicts.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: RDK VVW CJP SB HFG. Performed the experiments: MH JMW JB SY CC TK. Analyzed the data: RDK VVW TH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: TH CJP MH JMW JB SY CC TK. Wrote the paper: RDK VVW HFG SB.