About the Authors

Nora Grahl

Affiliation Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America

Srisombat Puttikamonkul

Affiliation Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America

Jeffrey M. Macdonald

Affiliation Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America

Michael P. Gamcsik

Affiliation Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America

Lisa Y. Ngo

Affiliation Infectious Disease Sciences, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Tobias M. Hohl

Affiliation Infectious Disease Sciences, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Robert A. Cramer

rcramer@montana.edu

Affiliation Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: NG JMM MPG TMH RAC. Performed the experiments: NG SP JMM MPG LYN TMH RAC. Analyzed the data: NG SP JMM MPG LYN TMH RAC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JMM MPG RAC. Wrote the paper: NG RAC.