About the Authors

Jiraprapa Wipasa

Affiliation Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

Lucy Okell

Current address: MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College, London.

Affiliation Department of Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Supachai Sakkhachornphop

Affiliation Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

Chaisuree Suphavilai

Affiliation Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

Kriangkrai Chawansuntati

Affiliation Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

Witaya Liewsaree

Affiliation Vector Borne Disease Section, Office of Disease Prevention and Control, Chiang Mai, Thailand

Julius C. R. Hafalla

Affiliation Department of Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Eleanor M. Riley

eleanor.riley@lshtm.ac.uk

Affiliation Department of Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JW EMR. Performed the experiments: JW SS CS KC. Analyzed the data: JW LO JCRH EMR. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JW WL. Wrote the paper: JW LO JCRH EMR. Organized field study and generated patient information from historical records: WL.