About the Authors

Julia Bitzegeio

Affiliation Division of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany

Dorothea Bankwitz

Affiliation Division of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany

Kathrin Hueging

Affiliation Division of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany

Sibylle Haid

Affiliation Division of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany

Christiane Brohm

Affiliation Division of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany

Mirjam B. Zeisel

Affiliation Inserm, U748, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France

Eva Herrmann

Affiliation Institute for Biostatistics and Mathematical Modeling, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany

Marcus Iken

Affiliation Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Germany, and Clinical Research Group Cell and Gene Therapy, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany

Michael Ott

Affiliation Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Germany, and Clinical Research Group Cell and Gene Therapy, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany

Thomas F. Baumert

Affiliation Inserm, U748, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France

Thomas Pietschmann

thomas.pietschmann@twincore.de

Affiliation Division of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JB TP. Performed the experiments: JB DB KH SH CB MBZ MI. Analyzed the data: JB DB KH SH CB MBZ EH TFB TP. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MBZ MI MO TFB. Wrote the paper: JB TP.