About the Authors
- Matthew B. Frieman
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Contributed equally to this work with: Matthew B. Frieman, Jun Chen
Current address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Jun Chen
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Contributed equally to this work with: Matthew B. Frieman, Jun Chen
Current address: Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
Affiliation Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Thomas E. Morrison
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Current address: Department of Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Alan Whitmore
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Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- William Funkhouser
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Affiliation Department of Anatomic Pathology and Surgical Pathology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Jerrold M. Ward
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Affiliations Comparative Medicine Branch, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Laboratory of Immunopathology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Elaine W. Lamirande
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Affiliation Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Anjeanette Roberts
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Affiliation Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Mark Heise
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Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Kanta Subbarao
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Affiliation Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Ralph S. Baric
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* E-mail: ralph_baric@unc.edu
Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
Competing Interests
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: MBF JC KS RSB. Performed the experiments: MBF JC TEM AW EWL AR. Analyzed the data: MBF JC TEM AW WF JMW EWL AR MH KS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MBF JC TEM AW MH KS. Wrote the paper: MBF JC.