About the Authors

Viviane F. Botosso

Affiliation Butantan Institute, Virology Branch, Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil

Paolo M. de A. Zanotto

pzanotto@usp.br

Affiliation Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Bioinformatics, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Mirthes Ueda

Affiliation Division of Medical Biology, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil

Eurico Arruda

Affiliation Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil

Alfredo E. Gilio

Affiliation Pediatric Division, University Hospital of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Sandra E. Vieira

Affiliation Pediatric Division, University Hospital of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Klaus E. Stewien

Affiliation Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Bioinformatics, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Teresa C. T. Peret

Affiliation Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Viruses Laboratory Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Coordinating Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Leda F. Jamal

Affiliation STD/AIDS Reference and Training Centre, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Maria I. de M. C. Pardini

Affiliation State University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

João R. R. Pinho

Affiliation Tropical Medicine Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Eduardo Massad

Affiliation Department of Legal Medicine, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil

Osvaldo A. Sant'Anna

Affiliation Butantan Institute, Virology Branch, Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil

Eddie C. Holmes

Affiliations Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, Mueller Laboratory, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Edison L. Durigon

Affiliation Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

and the VGDN Consortium

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: VFB PMdAZ AEG SEV TCTP ELD. Performed the experiments: VFB MU EA KES TCTP JRRP ELD. Analyzed the data: VFB PMdAZ EM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: VFB PMdAZ MU EA AEG SEV KES TCTP LFJ MIdMCP JRRP OAS ELD. Wrote the paper: VFB PMdAZ ECH. Coordinated the Viral Genetic Diversity Network (VGDN) program n Brazil that generated the study: PMdAZ. Collected pediatric samples: MU EA AEG SEV. Organized sample collecting activities over 11 consecutive HRSV seasons (1995–2006): KES. Coordinated the VGDN program: LFJ MIMCP EM. Coordinated the HRSV task in the VGDN program: ELD.