About the Authors

Olga Zaborina

Affiliation Department of Surgery, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Christopher Holbrook

Affiliation Department of Surgery, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Yimei Chen

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Jason Long

Affiliation Department of Surgery, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Alexander Zaborin

Affiliation Department of Surgery, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Irina Morozova

Affiliation Department of Surgery, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Hoylan Fernandez

Affiliation Department of Surgery, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Yingmin Wang

Affiliation Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Jerrold R Turner

Affiliation Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

John C Alverdy

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jalverdy@surgery.bsd.uchicago.edu

Affiliation Department of Surgery, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

OZ originated the project, designed all experiments, did the main work, and wrote the paper; CH performed mice experiments. YC helped to create electron microscopy images. JL helped in mice experiments. AZ helped in the RT-PCR experiments. IM made technical contributions throughout the work. HF helped in the verification of mutants. YW made technical contributions in growing Caco-2 cells. JRT made intellectual contributions and provided reagents. JCA originated the project, participated in the experimental design, wrote the paper, and provided grant support.