Panthera vocal folds possess a large lamina propria.
A: Schematic frontal section through a larynx. The square indicates where the histological sections (Haematoxylin-eosin stain) in B, C and D were taken from. The mid-membraneous sections of the vocal fold are from Bengal tiger (B), Siberian tiger (C), and Lion (D). The terms ‘lateral’ and ‘medial’ are used in reference to the body axis and are indicated in D to explain how they apply to the vocal fold. In all three species, the vocal fold consists of epithelium, lamina propria and the thyroarytenoid muscle. LP: lamina propria; E: epiglottis; T: thyroid cartilage; TA: thyroarytenoid muscle; CT: cricothyroid muscle; C: cricoid cartilage; B: tracheal ring. Arrows in A indicate the airflow during expiration. Horizontal arrows in LP of B indicate medio-lateral depth. Vertical arrows in LP of B indicate cranio-caudal thickness.
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