The Network of Global Corporate Control
Figure 1
(A&B) Direct and indirect ownership. (A) Firm has
percent of direct ownership in firm
. Through
, it has also an indirect ownership in
and
. (B) With cycles one has to take into account the recursive paths, see Appendix S1, Section 3.1. (C&D) Threshold model. (C) Percentages of ownership are indicated along the links. (D) If a shareholder has ownership exceeding a threshold (e.g.
), it has full control (100%) and the others have none (0%). More conservative model of control are also considered see Appendix S1, Section 3.1.