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closeSensitivity of SICCT Underestimated?
Posted by tomkelly on 11 Aug 2014 at 04:58 GMT
Dear Friends,
I believe I have read estimates of the sensitivity of the SICCT ranging from approximately 65% to 90%.
Having tested cattle in west Donegal for 25 years between 1982 and 2008, I formed the opinion that these were underestimates.
I can recall just two occasions when, following trace-backs, Department of Agriculture officials contacted me to tell me that an animal I had tested clear had subsequently shown a TB lesion at slaughter. I think one had last been tested by me approximately a year before and subsequently shown up in a number of different herds outside my area, and that the other had originated in a herd of one of my clients and left that herd approximately two years before its slaughter.
Mind you, conversations with many of my colleagues working in the Republic of Ireland, in Northern Ireland and in Wales led me to the opinion that my own testing may have been carried out more scrupulously than the average. The fact that, last I heard, my disclosure of inconclusive reactors was approximately nine times higher than the average rate at which my County Donegal colleagues found them supported this opinion. You see, apart from wishing to do the job right, and to be seen to wish to do so, I used to believe that the all data I assembled, even those referring to skin measurements in cattle which passed the test, might one day be subjected to useful statistical analysis such as the authors of this paper appear to have attempted.
That said, I spent the year of 1985 in Australia. Despite having to test vast numbers of cattle fast under extremely difficult conditions and using what might seem a cruder and less sensitive caudal fold test than the SICCT, Australia managed to eliminate bovine TB. How? The elimination was turned over to the farmers, to the industry from government, as I understand it. It had the trust and the good will of the farmers. As in the US, bounties were paid to meat inspectors for finding TB. And they did not have infected badgers or possums to deal with.
For reasons outlined in what could be considered a controversial link included in my disclosure of possible competing interest below, I believe the disturbance of badgers in the UK and in Ireland has been the main driver of TB in cattle, and that that disturbance, perturbation, has been caused by the clearing of forests, the construction of roads and other developments, but not least by government trials such as the Four Areas Project in Ireland and the RBCT in Britain, along with copycat badger "cullings" by farmers.
Every good wish.
Tom Kelly,
Escondido,
California.
tomkellyvet@gmail.com
RE: Sensitivity of SICCT Underestimated?
BILLAMOS replied to tomkelly on 09 Sep 2014 at 08:22 GMT
Interesting! My personal view is that, too often, we underestimate the possibility of evolution and assume that the performance of a test is constant. Several decades back the UK went a long way towards eradicating bTB using a very similar strategy of test and slaughter, yet the current program is failing. One factor may well be evolution. If you test cattle again and again and slaughter any that produce larger swellings, any genes involved in generating the swellings will be selected to produce smaller swellings (it would be interesting to see whether bump size has changed over time).
Another factor may well be physiological stress. I asked one farmer whether he noticed groups of cattle who stood next to each other at milking time all becoming reactors together, as might be expected of cow-to-cow transmission. He said no, the cows who reacted first in an outbreak always seemed to be his best milkers. This makes sense to me: cows that putting huge physiological effort into producing unnatural quantities of milk are probably investing much less in disease resistance. I wonder if this is a general phenomenon?
One final point I would make with respect to badgers. I think it is clear that badgers do provide some level of reinfection. However, there is a huge difference between a situation where SICCT works extremely well, such that every new case when a herd has been found clean can be attributed to badgers (or other wildlife), and the situation that I believe / suspect exists, where cattle have evolved to react less to SICCT such that 'clear' herds often contain one or more infected but non-reacting cattle who then provide a source of infection for repeat outbreaks. The former situation would imply a strong need for badger culling but in the latter scenario the cull could be close to pointless.