About the Authors

Timo Paavola

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland

Sanna Kuusisto

Current address: NMR metabolomics laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland

Matti Jauhiainen

Affiliation Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland

Sakari Kakko

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland

Tiia Kangas-Kontio

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland

Jari Metso

Affiliation Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland

Pasi Soininen

Affiliations Computational Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland

Mika Ala-Korpela

Affiliations Computational Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Computational Medicine, School of Social and Community Medicine & Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Risto Bloigu

Affiliation Medical Informatics and Statistics Research Group, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

Minna L. Hannuksela

Affiliations Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Institute of Diagnostics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

Markku J. Savolainen

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland

Tuire Salonurmi

tuire.salonurmi@oulu.fi

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization: TP S. Kuusisto S. Kakko TS MH MJS MJ. Data curation: TP TS RB TK. Formal analysis: TP RB TS S. Kuusisto PS MA. Funding acquisition: MJS TP TS MJ. Investigation: TP TS MJ JM S. Kuusisto TK PS MA RB. Methodology: TP S. Kuusisto MJ JM PS RB MH TS. Project administration: TP S. Kuusisto S. Kakko MJS TS. Resources: MJS MA MJ TS. Software: MA TP TK. Supervision: TS MJ MJS S. Kuusisto RB. Validation: MJ MA RB MH MJS TP TK. Visualization: TP S. Kuusisto. Writing – original draft: TP TS MJS TK S. Kakko. Writing – review & editing: TP S. Kuusisto MJ S. Kakko TK JM PS MA RB MH MJS TS.