About the Authors

Raghid Charara

Affiliation Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Mohammad Forouzanfar

Affiliation Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Mohsen Naghavi

Affiliation Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Maziar Moradi-Lakeh

Affiliations Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Department of Community Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Ashkan Afshin

Affiliation Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Theo Vos

Affiliation Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Farah Daoud

Affiliation Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Haidong Wang

Affiliation Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Charbel El Bcheraoui

Affiliation Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Ibrahim Khalil

Affiliation Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Randah R. Hamadeh

Affiliation Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain

Ardeshir Khosravi

Affiliation Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran

Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar

Affiliation Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Yousef Khader

Affiliation Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan

Nawal Al-Hamad

Affiliation Public Authority for Food and Nutrition, Kuwait, Kuwait

Carla Makhlouf Obermeyer

Affiliation Center for Research on Population and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon

Anwar Rafay

Affiliation Contech International Health Consultants, Lahore, Pakistan

Rana Asghar

Affiliation South Asian Public Health Forum, Islamabad, Pakistan

Saleem M. Rana

Affiliation Contech International Health Consultants, Lahore, Pakistan

Amira Shaheen

Affiliation Department of Public Health, An-Najah University, Nablus, Palestine

Niveen M. E. Abu-Rmeileh

Affiliation Institute of Community and Public Health, Birzeit University, Ramallah, Palestine

Abdullatif Husseini

Affiliation Institute of Community and Public Health, Birzeit University, Ramallah, Palestine

Laith J. Abu-Raddad

Affiliations Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States of America, Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Doha, Qatar

Tawfik Khoja

Affiliation Health Ministers’ Council for Cooperation Council States, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Zulfa A. Al Rayess

Affiliation The Saudi Center for Evidence Based Healthcare, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Fadia S. AlBuhairan

Affiliation King Abdullah Specialized Children’s Hospital, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Mohamed Hsairi

Affiliation Ministry of Health—Tunisia (Faculty of Medicine Tunis), Tunis, Tunisia

Mahmoud A. Alomari

Affiliation Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan

Raghib Ali

Affiliation University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Gholamreza Roshandel

Affiliation Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran

Abdullah Sulieman Terkawi

Affiliations Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America, Department of Anesthesiology, King Fahad medical city, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, OUTCOMES RESEARCH Consortium, Cleveland, OH, United States of America

Samer Hamidi

Affiliation Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates

Amany H. Refaat

Affiliations Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt, Walden University, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America

Ronny Westerman

Affiliation Federal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden, Germany

Aliasghar Ahmad Kiadaliri

Affiliation Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopedics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

Ali S. Akanda

Affiliation University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States of America

Syed Danish Ali

Affiliation SIR Consultants, Sindh, Pakistan

Umar Bacha

Affiliation School of Health Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan

Alaa Badawi

Affiliation Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada

Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi

Affiliations Department of Psychiatry, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, United States of America, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Imad A. D. Faghmous

Affiliations Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad

Affiliation Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

Florian Fischer

Affiliation Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany

Jost B. Jonas

Affiliation Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

Barthelemy Kuate Defo

Affiliation Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health of the University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Alem Mehari

Affiliation Howard University College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington DC, United States of America

Saad B. Omer

Affiliation Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America

Farshad Pourmalek

Affiliation University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

Olalekan A. Uthman

Affiliation Warwick—Centre for Applied Health Research and Delivery (WCAHRD), Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom

Ali A. Mokdad

Affiliation Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, United States of America

Fadi T. Maalouf

Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon

Foad Abd-Allah

Affiliation Department of Neurology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

Nadia Akseer

Affiliation The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Dinesh Arya

Affiliation Northern Territory Department of Health, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia

Rohan Borschmann

Affiliation Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Alexandra Brazinova

Affiliation Trnava University, Trnava, Slovakia

Traolach S. Brugha

Affiliation University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom

Ferrán Catalá-López

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of Valencia/INCLIVA Health Research Institute and CIBERSAM, Valencia, Spain

Louisa Degenhardt

Affiliation National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

Alize Ferrari

Affiliations Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia, Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, Queensland, Australia

Josep Maria Haro

Affiliation Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu—CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain

Masako Horino

Affiliation Nevada Division of Behavior and Public Health, Carson City, NV, United States of America

John C. Hornberger

Affiliations National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America, Cedar Associates, Menlo Park, CA, United States of America

Hsiang Huang

Affiliation Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, United States of America

Christian Kieling

Affiliation Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil

Daniel Kim

Affiliation Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Yunjin Kim

Affiliation Southern University College, Johor, Malaysia

Ann Kristin Knudsen

Affiliation Centre for Disease Burden, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway

Philip B. Mitchell

Affiliation School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

George Patton

Affiliation Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Rajesh Sagar

Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India

Maheswar Satpathy

Affiliation UGC Centre for Advanced Studies in Psychology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, INDIA

Kim Savuon

Affiliations Department of Hospital Services, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, Mental Health Association of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia

Soraya Seedat

Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa

Ivy Shiue

Affiliation Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

Jens Christoffer Skogen

Affiliations Domain for Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway, Center for Alcohol & Drug Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway

Dan J. Stein

Affiliations Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Cape Town, South Africa

Karen M. Tabb

Affiliation School of Social Work, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, United States of America

Harvey A. Whiteford

Affiliation University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

Paul Yip

Affiliations Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, Social Work and Social Administration Department, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong

Naohiro Yonemoto

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

Christopher J. L. Murray

Affiliation Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Ali H. Mokdad

mokdaa@uw.edu

Affiliation Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Competing Interests

We would like to declare the following commercial affiliations: Dr. Anwar Rafay is employed by Contech International health consultants. Syed Danish Ali is employed by SIR Consultants. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization: RC AHM. Formal analysis: RC AHM. Methodology: RC AHM. Project administration: RC AHM. Supervision: AHM. Visualization: RC AHM. Writing – original draft: RC AHM. Writing – review & editing: RC MF MN MML AA TV FD HDW CEB IK RRH AK VRM YK NAH CMO AR R. Asghar SMR AS NMEAR AH LJAR TK ZAAR FSA M. Hsairi MAA R. Ali GR AST SH AHR RW AAK ASA SDA UB A. Badawi SBH IADF SMF FF JBJ BKD AM SBO FP OAU AAM FTM FAA NA DA RB A. Brazinova TSB FCL LD AF JMH M. Horino JCH HH CK DK YJK LD AKK PBM GP RS MS KS SS IS JCS DJS KMT HAW PY NY CJLM AMH.