About the Authors

Robert A. Wise

Contributed equally to this work with: Robert A. Wise, Janet T. Holbrook, Gerard Criner, Sanjay Sethi, Sobharani Rayapudi, Kuladeep R. Sudini, Elizabeth A. Sugar, Alyce Burke, Rajesh Thimmulappa, Anju Singh, Paul Talalay, Jed W. Fahey, Charles S. Berenson, Michael R. Jacobs, Shyam Biswal

rwise@jhmi.edu

Affiliation Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Janet T. Holbrook

Contributed equally to this work with: Robert A. Wise, Janet T. Holbrook, Gerard Criner, Sanjay Sethi, Sobharani Rayapudi, Kuladeep R. Sudini, Elizabeth A. Sugar, Alyce Burke, Rajesh Thimmulappa, Anju Singh, Paul Talalay, Jed W. Fahey, Charles S. Berenson, Michael R. Jacobs, Shyam Biswal

Affiliation Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Gerard Criner

Contributed equally to this work with: Robert A. Wise, Janet T. Holbrook, Gerard Criner, Sanjay Sethi, Sobharani Rayapudi, Kuladeep R. Sudini, Elizabeth A. Sugar, Alyce Burke, Rajesh Thimmulappa, Anju Singh, Paul Talalay, Jed W. Fahey, Charles S. Berenson, Michael R. Jacobs, Shyam Biswal

Affiliation Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Sanjay Sethi

Contributed equally to this work with: Robert A. Wise, Janet T. Holbrook, Gerard Criner, Sanjay Sethi, Sobharani Rayapudi, Kuladeep R. Sudini, Elizabeth A. Sugar, Alyce Burke, Rajesh Thimmulappa, Anju Singh, Paul Talalay, Jed W. Fahey, Charles S. Berenson, Michael R. Jacobs, Shyam Biswal

Affiliation University at Buffalo, SUNY and VA WNY Healthcare system, Buffalo, New York, United States of America

Sobharani Rayapudi

Contributed equally to this work with: Robert A. Wise, Janet T. Holbrook, Gerard Criner, Sanjay Sethi, Sobharani Rayapudi, Kuladeep R. Sudini, Elizabeth A. Sugar, Alyce Burke, Rajesh Thimmulappa, Anju Singh, Paul Talalay, Jed W. Fahey, Charles S. Berenson, Michael R. Jacobs, Shyam Biswal

Affiliation Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Kuladeep R. Sudini

Contributed equally to this work with: Robert A. Wise, Janet T. Holbrook, Gerard Criner, Sanjay Sethi, Sobharani Rayapudi, Kuladeep R. Sudini, Elizabeth A. Sugar, Alyce Burke, Rajesh Thimmulappa, Anju Singh, Paul Talalay, Jed W. Fahey, Charles S. Berenson, Michael R. Jacobs, Shyam Biswal

Affiliation Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Elizabeth A. Sugar

Contributed equally to this work with: Robert A. Wise, Janet T. Holbrook, Gerard Criner, Sanjay Sethi, Sobharani Rayapudi, Kuladeep R. Sudini, Elizabeth A. Sugar, Alyce Burke, Rajesh Thimmulappa, Anju Singh, Paul Talalay, Jed W. Fahey, Charles S. Berenson, Michael R. Jacobs, Shyam Biswal

Affiliation Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Alyce Burke

Contributed equally to this work with: Robert A. Wise, Janet T. Holbrook, Gerard Criner, Sanjay Sethi, Sobharani Rayapudi, Kuladeep R. Sudini, Elizabeth A. Sugar, Alyce Burke, Rajesh Thimmulappa, Anju Singh, Paul Talalay, Jed W. Fahey, Charles S. Berenson, Michael R. Jacobs, Shyam Biswal

Affiliation Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Rajesh Thimmulappa

Contributed equally to this work with: Robert A. Wise, Janet T. Holbrook, Gerard Criner, Sanjay Sethi, Sobharani Rayapudi, Kuladeep R. Sudini, Elizabeth A. Sugar, Alyce Burke, Rajesh Thimmulappa, Anju Singh, Paul Talalay, Jed W. Fahey, Charles S. Berenson, Michael R. Jacobs, Shyam Biswal

Affiliation Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Anju Singh

Contributed equally to this work with: Robert A. Wise, Janet T. Holbrook, Gerard Criner, Sanjay Sethi, Sobharani Rayapudi, Kuladeep R. Sudini, Elizabeth A. Sugar, Alyce Burke, Rajesh Thimmulappa, Anju Singh, Paul Talalay, Jed W. Fahey, Charles S. Berenson, Michael R. Jacobs, Shyam Biswal

Affiliation Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Paul Talalay

Contributed equally to this work with: Robert A. Wise, Janet T. Holbrook, Gerard Criner, Sanjay Sethi, Sobharani Rayapudi, Kuladeep R. Sudini, Elizabeth A. Sugar, Alyce Burke, Rajesh Thimmulappa, Anju Singh, Paul Talalay, Jed W. Fahey, Charles S. Berenson, Michael R. Jacobs, Shyam Biswal

Affiliation Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Jed W. Fahey

Contributed equally to this work with: Robert A. Wise, Janet T. Holbrook, Gerard Criner, Sanjay Sethi, Sobharani Rayapudi, Kuladeep R. Sudini, Elizabeth A. Sugar, Alyce Burke, Rajesh Thimmulappa, Anju Singh, Paul Talalay, Jed W. Fahey, Charles S. Berenson, Michael R. Jacobs, Shyam Biswal

Affiliation Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Charles S. Berenson

Contributed equally to this work with: Robert A. Wise, Janet T. Holbrook, Gerard Criner, Sanjay Sethi, Sobharani Rayapudi, Kuladeep R. Sudini, Elizabeth A. Sugar, Alyce Burke, Rajesh Thimmulappa, Anju Singh, Paul Talalay, Jed W. Fahey, Charles S. Berenson, Michael R. Jacobs, Shyam Biswal

Affiliation University at Buffalo, SUNY and VA WNY Healthcare system, Buffalo, New York, United States of America

Michael R. Jacobs

Contributed equally to this work with: Robert A. Wise, Janet T. Holbrook, Gerard Criner, Sanjay Sethi, Sobharani Rayapudi, Kuladeep R. Sudini, Elizabeth A. Sugar, Alyce Burke, Rajesh Thimmulappa, Anju Singh, Paul Talalay, Jed W. Fahey, Charles S. Berenson, Michael R. Jacobs, Shyam Biswal

Affiliation Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Shyam Biswal

Contributed equally to this work with: Robert A. Wise, Janet T. Holbrook, Gerard Criner, Sanjay Sethi, Sobharani Rayapudi, Kuladeep R. Sudini, Elizabeth A. Sugar, Alyce Burke, Rajesh Thimmulappa, Anju Singh, Paul Talalay, Jed W. Fahey, Charles S. Berenson, Michael R. Jacobs, Shyam Biswal

Affiliation Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

on behalf of Broccoli Sprout Extract Trial Research Group

Membership of the Broccoli Sprout Extract Trial Research Group is provided in the Acknowledgments.

Competing Interests

Dr. Wise reports grants and personal fees from Boehringer Ingelhelm, Sunovion, and AstraZeneca/Medimmune, and personal fees from Bristol-Myers-Squibb, GlaxoSmithKline, Mylan, Novartis, Pfizer, Pulmonx, Spiration, Roche/Genentech, Janssen, Merck, Teva, Forest Labs, and Sanofi/Mannkind, outside of submitted work. Drs. Fahey and Talalay report multiple US and foreign issued patents related to broccoli sprouts and sulforaphane. Dr. Biswal reports a pending patent on methods for targeting Nrf2 pathway for oxidative stress related disease. The relevant patents held by Drs. Fahey, Talalay and Biswal are listed below. Drs. Fahey and Talalay have relinquished all ownership and any fiduciary or management involvement in Brassica Protection Products (BPP). They are no longer either Board Members or equity holders. In addition, they have instructed JHU NOT to collect the ‘inventor’s share’ of any royalties that may accrue to JHU from the patents originating with their work on broccoli sprouts, licensed to BPP or anyone else. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. 1998 Fahey JW, P Talalay."Method of Preparing a Food Product from Cruciferous Seeds". U.S. Patent 5,725,895. 1999 Fahey JW, P Talalay. “Cancer Chemoprotective Food Products.” U.S. Patent 5,968,505. 1999 Fahey JW, P Talalay. “Method of Preparing a Food Product From Cruciferous Sprouts.” U.S. Patent 5,968,567. 2001 Fahey JW, P Talalay. “Method of Preparing a Food Product From Cruciferous Sprouts.” U.S. Patent 6,177,122. 2001 Fahey JW, P Talalay. “Cancer Chemoprotective Food Products.” U.S. Patent 6,242,018. 2001 Fahey JW, P Talalay, J Troyer. Airlift Bioreactor for Harvesting Sprouts. U.S. Patent Application 09/450,753 and PCT WO 01/39591 A2. 2003 Fahey JW. Development of Novel, Highly Chemoprotectant Crucifer Germplasm. U.S. Patent 6,521,818. 2004 Fahey JW. Treatment of Helicobacter with Isothiocyanates. U.S. Patent 6,737,441. 2004 Fahey JW. Method for the direct extraction of isothiocyanates into the seed oil from glucosinolate-containing plant seeds. U.S. Provisional Patent Application # 60/635,998 and U.S. Patent Application (2005). 2007 Fahey JW and P Talalay. “Cancer Chemoprotective Food Products.” U.S. Patent 7,303,770 B2. 2008 Fahey JW. Treatment of Helicobacter with Isothiocyanates. U.S. Patent 7,402,569. 2010 Talalay P, JW Fahey, A Talalay. Formulations for Treatment with Glucosinolates. U.S. Provisional Patent Application #61/383,853.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization: RAW SB PT. Data curation: JTH EAS AB. Formal analysis: EAS AB JTH. Funding acquisition: RAW SB. Investigation: SR KRS JWF RT AS. Methodology: JTH SR KRS EAS AB RT AS JWF. Project administration: RAW JTH SB GC SS JWF. Resources: RAW JTH SB GC SS JWF. Supervision: RAW JTH GC SS RT CSB MRJ SB. Validation: JF. Visualization: EAS AB. Writing – original draft: RAW JTH. Writing – review & editing: RAW JTH GC SS SR KRS EAS AB RT AS PT JWF CSB MRJ SB.