About the Authors

Margaret E. Kruk

mkruk@hsph.harvard.edu

Affiliation Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Patricia L. Riley

Affiliation Division of Global HIV/AIDS, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Anton M. Palma

Affiliation Department of Health Policy and Management, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America

Sweta Adhikari

Affiliation Department of Health Policy and Management, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America

Laurence Ahoua

Affiliation ICAP at Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America

Carlos Arnaldo

Affiliation Center for Population and Health Research, Maputo, Mozambique

Dercio F. Belo

Affiliation Mozambique Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique

Serena Brusamento

Affiliation ICAP at Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America

Luisa I. G. Cumba

Affiliation Mozambique Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique

Eric J. Dziuban

Affiliation Division of Global HIV/AIDS, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Wafaa M. El-Sadr

Affiliation ICAP at Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America

Yoseph Gutema

Affiliation ICAP at Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America

Zelalem Habtamu

Affiliation Oromio Regional Health Bureau, Ethiopia Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Thomas Heller

Affiliation Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Aklilu Kidanu

Affiliation Miz-Hasab Research Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Judite Langa

Affiliation Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Maputo, Mozambique

Epifanio Mahagaja

Affiliation Mozambique Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique

Carey F. McCarthy

Affiliation Division of Global HIV/AIDS, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Zenebe Melaku

Affiliation ICAP at Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America

Daniel Shodell

Affiliation Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Maputo, Mozambique

Fatima Tsiouris

Affiliation ICAP at Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America

Paul R. Young

Affiliation Division of Global HIV/AIDS, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Miriam Rabkin

Affiliation ICAP at Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MEK PLR AMP SA LA CA SB EJD TH AK JL CFM ZM DS FT PRY MR. Performed the experiments: CA AK AP SA MEK. Analyzed the data: MEK AP SA MR. Wrote the paper: MEK PLR AP SA LA CA DFB SB LIGC EJD WME YG ZH TH AK JL EM CFM ZM DS FT PRY MR.