About the Authors

Eric C. Leas

Contributed equally to this work with: Eric C. Leas, John W. Ayers

Affiliation University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States of America

Benjamin M. Althouse

Affiliations Institute for Disease Modeling, Bellevue, WA, United States of America, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America, Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, United States of America, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States of America

Mark Dredze

Affiliations Human Language Technology Center of Excellence, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America, Bloomberg LP, New York, New York, United States of America

Nick Obradovich

Affiliations Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States of America, Department of Political Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States of America

James H. Fowler

Affiliations University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States of America, Department of Political Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States of America

Seth M. Noar

Affiliations School of Media and Journalism, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America

Jon-Patrick Allem

Affiliation Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America

John W. Ayers

Contributed equally to this work with: Eric C. Leas, John W. Ayers

ayers.john.w@gmail.com

Affiliation Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States of America

Competing Interests

Mark Dredze is commercially employed by Bloomberg LP. There are no other relevant competing interests. This does not alter the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: ECL JWA. Analyzed the data: ECL BMA JWA. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: ECL BMA MD NO JHF SMN JPA JWA. Wrote the paper: ECL BMA MD NO JHF SMN JPA JWA.