About the Authors

Noor Lide Abu Kassim

m.tariqur.rahman@gmail.com (MTR); noorlide@iium.edu.my (NLAK)

Affiliations Faculty of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan Campus, Pahang 25200, Malaysia, Faculty of Nursing, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia

Afiqah Binti Saleh Huddin

Affiliation Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan Campus, Pahang 25200, Malaysia

Jamal Ibrahim Daoud

Affiliation Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Gombak, Kuala Lumpur 53200, Malaysia

Mohammad Tariqur Rahman

m.tariqur.rahman@gmail.com (MTR); noorlide@iium.edu.my (NLAK)

Affiliation Faculty of Dentistry, University Malaya, Jalan Universiti, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MTR NLAK. Performed the experiments: NLAK ASH JID. Analyzed the data: NLAK ASH MTR JID. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MTR. Wrote the paper: NLAK ASH MTR JID. Software used in analysis: NLAK ASH. Questionnaire design and validation: MTR NLAK.