About the Authors

Andrew P. Holmes

Contributed equally to this work with: Andrew P. Holmes, Ting Y. Yu

Affiliation Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Ting Y. Yu

Contributed equally to this work with: Andrew P. Holmes, Ting Y. Yu

Affiliations Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom, Physical Sciences of Imaging in the Biomedical Sciences, School of Chemistry, College of Engineering Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Samantha Tull

Affiliation Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Fahima Syeda

Affiliation Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Stefan M. Kuhlmann

Affiliation Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Sian-Marie O’Brien

Affiliation Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Pushpa Patel

Affiliation Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Keith L. Brain

Affiliation Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Davor Pavlovic

Affiliation Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Nigel A. Brown

Affiliation St George’s, University of London, London, United Kingdom

Larissa Fabritz

l.fabritz@bham.ac.uk

Affiliations Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hospital of the University of Münster, Münster, Germany, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Paulus Kirchhof

Affiliations Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hospital of the University of Münster, Münster, Germany, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: APH TYY LF PK. Performed the experiments: APH TYY ST PP SO. Analyzed the data: APH TYY ST PP SK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: PK LF NAB. Wrote the paper: APH TYY ST FS KLB DP NAB LF PK.