About the Authors

Alexandria E. Pickard

Affiliation Guy Harvey Research Institute, Guy Harvey Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, 8000 N Ocean Drive, Dania Beach, FL, 33004, United States of America

Jeremy J. Vaudo

Affiliation Guy Harvey Research Institute, Guy Harvey Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, 8000 N Ocean Drive, Dania Beach, FL, 33004, United States of America

Bradley M. Wetherbee

wetherbee@uri.edu

Affiliations Guy Harvey Research Institute, Guy Harvey Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, 8000 N Ocean Drive, Dania Beach, FL, 33004, United States of America, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, United States of America

Richard S. Nemeth

Affiliation Center for Marine and Environmental Studies, University of the Virgin Islands, #2 John Brewers Bay, St. Thomas, USVI, 00802, United States of America

Jeremiah B. Blondeau

Affiliation Center for Marine and Environmental Studies, University of the Virgin Islands, #2 John Brewers Bay, St. Thomas, USVI, 00802, United States of America

Elizabeth A. Kadison

Affiliation Center for Marine and Environmental Studies, University of the Virgin Islands, #2 John Brewers Bay, St. Thomas, USVI, 00802, United States of America

Mahmood S. Shivji

Affiliation Guy Harvey Research Institute, Guy Harvey Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, 8000 N Ocean Drive, Dania Beach, FL, 33004, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: BW MS. Performed the experiments: BW MS RN JB EK. Analyzed the data: AP JV BW JB. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MS BW RN. Wrote the paper: BW AP JV RN MS.