About the Authors

Chinh C. Ngo

Affiliations School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, Molecular Basis of Disease, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia

Helen M. Massa

h.massa@griffith.edu.au

Affiliations School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, Molecular Basis of Disease, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia

Ruth B. Thornton

Affiliations School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia

Allan W. Cripps

Affiliations School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, Molecular Basis of Disease, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia

Competing Interests

AWC received a research grant from Danisco A/S on the use of probiotics for respiratory illness and a research grant and consultancy from Probiotec Pty Ltd on the use if nutritional supplements for immune health. The others authors declare that they have no competing interests. This does not alter the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AWC HMM. Performed the experiments: CCN HMM. Analyzed the data: CCN HMM RBT AWC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: CCN HMM. Wrote the paper: CCN HMM RBT AWC.