About the Authors

Jiro Katoh

Contributed equally to this work with: Jiro Katoh, Ai Kawana-Tachikawa

Current address: Medical & Biological Laboratories co. ltd., Nagoya, Japan

Affiliations Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, the Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo. Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, Japan

Ai Kawana-Tachikawa

Contributed equally to this work with: Jiro Katoh, Ai Kawana-Tachikawa

Current address: AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan

Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, the Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Akihisa Shimizu

Current address: NEC Solution Innovators, Ltd., Kashiwa, Chiba 277–0882, Japan

Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, the Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Dayong Zhu

Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, the Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Chungyong Han

Current address: Cancer Immunology Branch, Division of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeongi-do 410–769, Korea

Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, the Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Hitomi Nakamura

Current address: Shinagawa East Medical Clinic, Tokyo, Japan

Affiliations Department of Infectious Disease Control, the International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Infectious Diseases and Applied Immunology, Hospital, the Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Michiko Koga

Affiliations Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, the Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Infectious Diseases and Applied Immunology, Hospital, the Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Tadashi Kikuchi

Affiliations Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, the Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Infectious Diseases and Applied Immunology, Hospital, the Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Eisuke Adachi

Affiliation Department of Infectious Diseases and Applied Immunology, Hospital, the Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Tomohiko Koibuchi

Affiliation Department of Infectious Diseases and Applied Immunology, Hospital, the Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

George F. Gao

Affiliation CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

Zabrina L. Brumme

Affiliations Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada, British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada

Aikichi Iwamoto

aikichi@zj9.so-net.ne.jp

Current address: Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan

Affiliations Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, the Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo. Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, Japan, Department of Infectious Disease Control, the International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Infectious Diseases and Applied Immunology, Hospital, the Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, Asian Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JK AKT GFG AI. Performed the experiments: JK AKT AS DZ CH. Analyzed the data: JK AKT ZLB. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JK AKT AS DZ CH HN MK T. Kikuchi EA T. Koibuchi AI. Wrote the paper: JK ZLB AI. Obtained written informed consent: HN MK T. Kikuchi EA T. Koibuchi AI. Obtained clinical data: HN MK T. Kikuchi EA T. Koibuchi AI.