About the Authors

Nicholas Riches

nick.riches@nhs.net

Affiliation NIHR Greater Manchester Primary Care Patient Safety Translational Research Centre (Greater Manchester PSTRC), Williamson Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Maria Panagioti

Affiliation NIHR School for Primary Care Research, Centre for Primary Care, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Rahul Alam

Affiliation NIHR Greater Manchester Primary Care Patient Safety Translational Research Centre (Greater Manchester PSTRC), Williamson Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Sudeh Cheraghi-Sohi

Affiliation NIHR Greater Manchester Primary Care Patient Safety Translational Research Centre (Greater Manchester PSTRC), Williamson Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Stephen Campbell

Affiliation NIHR Greater Manchester Primary Care Patient Safety Translational Research Centre (Greater Manchester PSTRC), Williamson Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Aneez Esmail

Affiliation NIHR Greater Manchester Primary Care Patient Safety Translational Research Centre (Greater Manchester PSTRC), Williamson Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Peter Bower

Affiliation NIHR Greater Manchester Primary Care Patient Safety Translational Research Centre (Greater Manchester PSTRC), Williamson Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

All authors have completed the Unified Competing Interest form at www.icmje.org/coi_disclosure.pdf (available on request from the corresponding author) and declare that (1) NR, MP, RA, SCS, SC, AE and PW have no support from any organisations for the submitted work; (2) NR, MP, RA, SCS, SC, AE and PW have no relationships with any companies that might have an interest in the submitted work in the previous 3 years; (3) their spouses, partners, or children have no financial relationships that may be relevant to the submitted work; and (4) NR, MP, RA, SCS, SC, AE and PW have no non-financial interests that may be relevant to the submitted work.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: NR MP RA SCS SC AE PB. Performed the experiments: NR MP RA SCS. Analyzed the data: NR MP RA SCS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: NR MP RA SCS SC AE PB. Wrote the paper: NR MP RA SCS.