About the Authors

Jonathan A. Hare

jon.hare@noaa.gov

Affiliation NOAA NMFS Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Narragansett Laboratory, 28 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, Rhode Island, 02818, United States of America

Wendy E. Morrison

Affiliation Earth Resources Technology, Inc. Under contract for NOAA NMFS, Office of Sustainable Fisheries, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States of America

Mark W. Nelson

Affiliation Earth Resources Technology, Inc. Under contract for NOAA NMFS, Office of Sustainable Fisheries, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States of America

Megan M. Stachura

Current address: ECS Federal, Inc., Under contract to the NOAA NMFS Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112, United States of America

Affiliation NOAA NMFS, Office of Sustainable Fisheries, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States of America

Eric J. Teeters

Affiliation Earth Resources Technology, Inc. Under contract for NOAA NMFS, Office of Sustainable Fisheries, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States of America

Roger B. Griffis

Affiliation NOAA NMFS, Office of Science and Technology, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States of America

Michael A. Alexander

Affiliation NOAA OAR Earth Systems Research Laboratory, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305–3337, United States of America

James D. Scott

Affiliation NOAA OAR Earth Systems Research Laboratory, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305–3337, United States of America

Larry Alade

Affiliation NOAA NMFS Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Woods Hole Laboratory, 166 Water Street, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, United States of America

Richard J. Bell

Current address: The Nature Conservancy, University of Rhode Island Bay Campus, Narragansett, RI 02882, United States of America

Affiliation NOAA NMFS Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Narragansett Laboratory, 28 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, Rhode Island, 02818, United States of America

Antonie S. Chute

Affiliation NOAA NMFS Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Woods Hole Laboratory, 166 Water Street, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, United States of America

Kiersten L. Curti

Affiliation NOAA NMFS Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Woods Hole Laboratory, 166 Water Street, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, United States of America

Tobey H. Curtis

Affiliation NOAA NMFS Greater Atlantic Regional Fisheries Office, 55 Great Republic Drive, Gloucester, Massachusetts, 01930, United States of America

Daniel Kircheis

Affiliation NOAA NMFS Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Maine Field Station, 17 Godfrey Drive-Suite 1, Orono, Maine 04473, United States of America

John F. Kocik

Affiliation NOAA NMFS Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Maine Field Station, 17 Godfrey Drive-Suite 1, Orono, Maine 04473, United States of America

Sean M. Lucey

Affiliation NOAA NMFS Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Woods Hole Laboratory, 166 Water Street, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, United States of America

Camilla T. McCandless

Affiliation NOAA NMFS Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Narragansett Laboratory, 28 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, Rhode Island, 02818, United States of America

Lisa M. Milke

Affiliation NOAA NMFS Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Milford Laboratory, 212 Rogers Ave, Milford, Connecticut 06460, United States of America

David E. Richardson

Affiliation NOAA NMFS Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Narragansett Laboratory, 28 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, Rhode Island, 02818, United States of America

Eric Robillard

Affiliation NOAA NMFS Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Woods Hole Laboratory, 166 Water Street, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, United States of America

Harvey J. Walsh

Affiliation NOAA NMFS Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Narragansett Laboratory, 28 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, Rhode Island, 02818, United States of America

M. Conor McManus

Current address: Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, 215 S Ferry Rd, Narragansett, RI 02882, United States of America

Affiliation Integrated Statistics Under contract for NOAA NMFS Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Narragansett Laboratory, 28 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, Rhode Island, 02818, United States of America

Katrin E. Marancik

Affiliation Integrated Statistics Under contract for NOAA NMFS Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Narragansett Laboratory, 28 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, Rhode Island, 02818, United States of America

Carolyn A. Griswold

Affiliation NOAA NMFS Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Narragansett Laboratory, 28 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, Rhode Island, 02818, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JAH WEM MWN MMS EJT RBG MAA JDS MCM KEM CAG. Performed the experiments: JAH WEM MWN MMS EJT RBG MAA JDS LA RJB ASC KLC THC DK JFK SML CTM LMM DER ER HJW. Analyzed the data: JAH WEM MWN MMS EJT RBG MAA JDS MCM KEM CAG. Wrote the paper: JAH WEM MWN MMS EJT RBG MAA JDS LA RJB ASC KLC THC DK JFK SML CTM LMM DER ER HJW MCM KEM CAG.