About the Authors

Leroy C. Joseph

Affiliation Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America

Emanuele Barca

Affiliation Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America

Prakash Subramanyam

Affiliation Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America

Michael Komrowski

Affiliation Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America

Utpal Pajvani

Affiliation Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America

Henry M. Colecraft

Affiliation Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America

Michio Hirano

Affiliation Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America

John P. Morrow

jpm46@columbia.edu

Affiliation Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: LCJ UP HMC MH JPM. Performed the experiments: LCJ EB PS MK JPM. Analyzed the data: LCJ EB UP HMC MH JPM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: LCJ EB UP HMC MH JPM. Wrote the paper: LCJ MK UP HMC MH JPM.