About the Authors

Louis T. Curtis

Contributed equally to this work with: Louis T. Curtis, Min Wu

Affiliation Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America

Min Wu

Contributed equally to this work with: Louis T. Curtis, Min Wu

Affiliation Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

John Lowengrub

Affiliations Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America

Paolo Decuzzi

Affiliation Department of Translational Imaging and Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America

Hermann B. Frieboes

hbfrie01@louisville.edu

Affiliations Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: LTC MW JL PD HBF. Performed the experiments: LTC MW. Analyzed the data: LTC MW HBF. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JL HBF. Wrote the paper: LTC MW HBF.