About the Authors

Suzanna C. Francis

suzanna.francis@lshtm.ac.uk

Affiliations MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania, United Republic of Tanzania

Yanwen Hou

Affiliation Division of Basic Medical Sciences, St. George's Medical School, University of London, London, United Kingdom

Kathy Baisley

Affiliation MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Janneke van de Wijgert

Affiliation Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Deborah Watson-Jones

Affiliations Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania, United Republic of Tanzania, Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Trong T. Ao

Affiliations MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania, United Republic of Tanzania

Carolina Herrera

Affiliation Mucosal Infection and Immunity Group, Imperial College, Department of Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Kaballa Maganja

Affiliation Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania, United Republic of Tanzania

Aura Andreasen

Affiliations Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania, United Republic of Tanzania, Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Saidi Kapiga

Affiliations MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania, United Republic of Tanzania

Gary R. Coulton

Affiliation Division of Basic Medical Sciences, St. George's Medical School, University of London, London, United Kingdom

Richard J. Hayes

Affiliation MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Robin J. Shattock

Affiliation Mucosal Infection and Immunity Group, Imperial College, Department of Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SCF RJH RS DWJ JvdW SK GC. Performed the experiments: YH SCF TTA SK KM AA. Analyzed the data: KB SCF. Wrote the paper: JvdW YH CH RS KB RJH SCF.