About the Authors

Leland S. Hu

Hu.leland@mayo.edu

Affiliations Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America, Department of Radiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America

Shuluo Ning

Affiliation School of Computing, Informatics and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America

Jennifer M. Eschbacher

Affiliation Department of Pathology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America

Nathan Gaw

Affiliation School of Computing, Informatics and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America

Amylou C. Dueck

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America

Kris A. Smith

Affiliation Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America

Peter Nakaji

Affiliation Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America

Jonathan Plasencia

Affiliation School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America

Sara Ranjbar

Affiliation Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America

Stephen J. Price

Affiliation Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Nhan Tran

Affiliation Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America

Joseph Loftus

Affiliation Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States of America

Robert Jenkins

Affiliation Department of Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America

Brian P. O’Neill

Affiliation Department of Neuro-oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America

William Elmquist

Affiliation Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

Leslie C. Baxter

Affiliation Department of Radiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America

Fei Gao

Affiliation School of Computing, Informatics and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America

David Frakes

Affiliation School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America

John P. Karis

Affiliation Department of Radiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America

Christine Zwart

Affiliation Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America

Kristin R. Swanson

Affiliation Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America

Jann Sarkaria

Affiliation Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America

Teresa Wu

Affiliations Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America, School of Computing, Informatics and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America

J. Ross Mitchell

Contributed equally to this work with: J. Ross Mitchell, Jing Li

Affiliation Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America

Jing Li

Contributed equally to this work with: J. Ross Mitchell, Jing Li

Affiliations Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America, School of Computing, Informatics and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have read the journal's policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: J. Ross Mitchell is scientific co-founder of Calgary Scientific (CSI). This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: LSH SN JME NG ACD KAS PN JP SR SJP NT JL RJ BPO WE LCB FG DF JPK CZ KRS JS TW JRM JL. Performed the experiments: LSH SN JME NG ACD KAS PN JP SR NT JL RJ LCB FG JPK CZ KRS JS TW JRM JL. Analyzed the data: LSH SN JME NG ACD KAS PN JP SR SJP NT JL RJ LCB FG JPK CZ KRS JS TW JRM JL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: LSH SN JME NG ACD KAS PN JP SR SJP NT JL RJ LCB FG JPK CZ JS TW JRM JL. Wrote the paper: LSH SN JME NG ACD KAS PN JP SR SJP NT JL RJ BPO WE LCB FG DF JPK CZ KRS JS TW JRM JL.