About the Authors

Valentine U. Chukwuma

Affiliation Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Mark D. Hicar

Current address: Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America

Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Xuemin Chen

Affiliation Departments of Pediatrics, Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Katherine J. Nicholas

Affiliation Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Amanda Joyner

Affiliation Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Spyros A. Kalams

Affiliations Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Gary Landucci

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America

Donald N. Forthal

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America

Paul W. Spearman

Affiliations Departments of Pediatrics, Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

James E. Crowe Jr

james.crowe@vanderbilt.edu

Affiliations Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America, Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: VUC MDH JEC. Performed the experiments: VUC MDH JEC XC PS AJ GL DNF KJN SK. Analyzed the data: VUC MDH JEC XC PS AJ GL DNF KJN SK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SK. Wrote the paper: VUC MDH JEC.