About the Authors
- Lena Hafrén
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Contributed equally to this work with: Lena Hafrén, Elisabet Einarsdottir
* E-mail: lena.hafren@helsinki.fi (LH); petri.mattila@helsinki.fi (PSM)
Affiliation Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Elisabet Einarsdottir
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Contributed equally to this work with: Lena Hafrén, Elisabet Einarsdottir
Affiliation Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Center for Innovative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Erna Kentala
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Affiliation Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Sari Hammarén-Malmi
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Affiliation Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Mahmood F. Bhutta
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Affiliation UCL Ear Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Carol J. MacArthur
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Affiliation Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Beth Wilmot
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Affiliation Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute and Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Margaretha Casselbrant
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Affiliation Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Yvette P. Conley
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Affiliation Department of Nursing and Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Daniel E. Weeks
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Affiliation Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Ellen M. Mandel
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Affiliation Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Outi Vaarala
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Affiliation Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Anna Kallio
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Affiliation Department of Vaccination and Immune Protection, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
- Merit Melin
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Affiliation Department of Vaccination and Immune Protection, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
- Janne K. Nieminen
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Affiliation Department of Vaccination and Immune Protection, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
- Eira Leinonen
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Affiliation Molecular Neurology Research Program, University of Helsinki and Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Juha Kere
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Affiliations Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Center for Innovative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden, Molecular Neurology Research Program, University of Helsinki and Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Petri S. Mattila
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* E-mail: lena.hafren@helsinki.fi (LH); petri.mattila@helsinki.fi (PSM)
Affiliation Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Competing Interests
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: LH EE AK MM OV JKN JK PSM. Performed the experiments: LH EE MFB CJM BW YPC EMM AK JKN EL. Analyzed the data: LH EE MFB CJM BW YPC DEW EMM OV AK MM JKN PSM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: LH EE EK SHM MFB CJM BW MC YPC DEW EMM OV AK MM JKN EL JK PSM. Wrote the paper: LH EE EK MFB MC DEW OV AK MM JKN EL JK PSM.