About the Authors

Szi-Wen Chen

chensw@mail.cgu.edu.tw (SWC); markliaw@mail.cgu.edu.tw (JWL)

Affiliations Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Heathy Aging Research Center (HARC), Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan

Jiunn-Woei Liaw

chensw@mail.cgu.edu.tw (SWC); markliaw@mail.cgu.edu.tw (JWL)

Affiliations Heathy Aging Research Center (HARC), Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan

Ya-Ju Chang

Affiliations Heathy Aging Research Center (HARC), Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Department of Physical Therapy and the Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan

Hsiao-Lung Chan

Affiliations Heathy Aging Research Center (HARC), Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan

Li-Yu Chiu

Affiliation Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SWC JWL. Performed the experiments: SWC JWL LYC. Analyzed the data: LYC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SWC JWL YJC HLC. Wrote the paper: SWC JWL YJC. Designed the software used in analysis: SWC JWL LYC. Derived CSI: SWC. Developed EMG sensors: HLC. Provided IRB: YJC. Ccontributed to results interpretation and approved reading of the final manuscript: SWC JWL YJC HLC.