About the Authors

Cheng-Chang Chang

Affiliations Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C

Yu-Che Ou

Affiliation Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C

Kung-Liahng Wang

Affiliation Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C

Ting-Chang Chang

Affiliation Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C

Ya-Min Cheng

Affiliation Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C

Chi-Hau Chen

Affiliation Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C

Tang-Yuan Chu

Affiliation Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C

Shih-Tien Hsu

Affiliation Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C

Wen-Shiung Liou

Affiliation Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C

Yin-Yi Chang

Affiliation Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C

Hua-Hsi Wu

Affiliation Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C

Tze-Ho Chen

Affiliation Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C

Hung-Cheng Lai

hclai@s.tmu.edu.tw

Affiliations Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, R.O.C, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C

Competing Interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: C-CC H-CL. Analyzed the data: C-CC H-CL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: H-CL. Wrote the paper: C-CC H-CL. Recruitment and collection of clinical samples: C-CC Y-CO K-LW T-CC Y-MC C-HC T-YC S-TH W-SL Y-YC H-HW T-HC H-CL.