About the Authors

Huaying Zhao

Affiliation Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly Section, Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States of America

Rodolfo Ghirlando

Affiliation Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States of America

Carlos Alfonso

Affiliation Analytical Ultracentrifugacion and Light Scattering Facility, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, 28040, Spain

Fumio Arisaka

Affiliation Life Science Research Center, Nihon University, College of Bioresource Science, Fujisawa, 252–0880, Japan

Ilan Attali

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel

David L. Bain

Affiliation Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, United States of America

Marina M. Bakhtina

Affiliation Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Retrovirus Research, and Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States of America

Donald F. Becker

Affiliation Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, United States of America

Gregory J. Bedwell

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, United States of America

Ahmet Bekdemir

Affiliation Supramolecular Nanomaterials and Interfaces Laboratory, Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland

Tabot M. D. Besong

Current address: Functional Nanomaterials Labaoratory, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science & Technology, Thuwal, 23955–6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Affiliation National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom

Catherine Birck

Affiliation Structural Biology Platform IGBMC, Illkirch, 67400, France

Chad A. Brautigam

Affiliation Department of Biophysics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, United States of America

William Brennerman

Affiliation Beckman Coulter, Inc., Life Science Division, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46268, United States of America

Olwyn Byron

Affiliation School of Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G37TT, United Kingdom

Agnieszka Bzowska

Affiliation Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02–089, Poland

Jonathan B. Chaires

Affiliation JG Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202, United States of America

Catherine T. Chaton

Affiliation Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267, United States of America

Helmut Cölfen

Affiliation Physical Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany

Keith D. Connaghan

Affiliation Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, United States of America

Kimberly A. Crowley

Affiliation Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01605, United States of America

Ute Curth

Affiliation Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany

Tina Daviter

Affiliation Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology Biophysics Centre, Birkbeck, University of London and University College London, London, WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom

William L. Dean

Affiliation JG Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202, United States of America

Ana I. Díez

Affiliation Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Murcia, Murcia, 30071, Spain

Christine Ebel

Affiliations Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IBS, F-38044, Grenoble, France, CNRS, IBS, F-38044, Grenoble, France, CEA, IBS, F-38044, Grenoble, France

Debra M. Eckert

Affiliation Protein Interactions Core, Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, United States of America

Leslie E. Eisele

Affiliation Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, 12208, United States of America

Edward Eisenstein

Affiliation Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, United States of America

Patrick England

Affiliation Institut Pasteur, Centre of Biophysics of Macromolecules and Their Interactions, Paris, 75724, France

Carlos Escalante

Affiliation Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, 23220, United States of America

Jeffrey A. Fagan

Affiliation Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20899, United States of America

Robert Fairman

Affiliation Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, 19041, United States of America

Ron M. Finn

Affiliation Laboratory of Chromatin Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077, Göttingen, Germany

Wolfgang Fischle

Affiliation Laboratory of Chromatin Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077, Göttingen, Germany

José García de la Torre

Affiliation Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Murcia, Murcia, 30071, Spain

Jayesh Gor

Affiliation Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Darwin Building, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom

Henning Gustafsson

Affiliation Diabetes Biophysics, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, 2760, Denmark

Damien Hall

Affiliation Research School of Chemistry, Section on Biological Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 0200, Australia

Stephen E. Harding

Affiliation National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom

José G. Hernández Cifre

Affiliation Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Murcia, Murcia, 30071, Spain

Andrew B. Herr

Current address: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Divisions of Immunobiology & Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, United States of America

Affiliation Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267, United States of America

Elizabeth E. Howell

Affiliation Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996–0840, United States of America

Richard S. Isaac

Affiliations Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, United States of America, Tetrad Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, United States of America

Shu-Chuan Jao

Affiliations Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan, Biophysics Core Facility, Scientific Instrument Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan

Davis Jose

Affiliation Institute of Molecular Biology and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403, United States of America

Soon-Jong Kim

Affiliation Department of Chemistry, Mokpo National University, Muan, 534–729, Korea

Bashkim Kokona

Affiliation Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, 19041, United States of America

Jack A. Kornblatt

Affiliation Enzyme Research Group, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada

Dalibor Kosek

Affiliation Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, 12843, Czech Republic

Elena Krayukhina

Current address: U-Medico, Inc., 2–1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565–0871, Japan

Affiliation Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565–0871, Japan

Daniel Krzizike

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, United States of America

Eric A. Kusznir

Affiliation Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-LaRoche Ltd., Basel, 4070, Switzerland

Hyewon Kwon

Affiliation Analytical Biopharmacy Core, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, United States of America

Adam Larson

Affiliations Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, United States of America, Tetrad Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, United States of America

Thomas M. Laue

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, 03824, United States of America

Aline Le Roy

Affiliations Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IBS, F-38044, Grenoble, France, CNRS, IBS, F-38044, Grenoble, France, CEA, IBS, F-38044, Grenoble, France

Andrew P. Leech

Affiliation Technology Facility, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom

Hauke Lilie

Affiliation Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle, Germany

Karolin Luger

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, United States of America

Juan R. Luque-Ortega

Affiliation Analytical Ultracentrifugacion and Light Scattering Facility, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, 28040, Spain

Jia Ma

Affiliation Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly Section, Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States of America

Carrie A. May

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, 03824, United States of America

Ernest L. Maynard

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, 20814, United States of America

Anna Modrak-Wojcik

Affiliation Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02–089, Poland

Yee-Foong Mok

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Instute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Victoria, Australia

Norbert Mücke

Affiliation Biophysics of Macromolecules, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany

Luitgard Nagel-Steger

Affiliation ICS-6, Structural Biochemistry, Research Center Juelich, 52428, Juelich, Germany

Geeta J. Narlikar

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, United States of America

Masanori Noda

Current address: U-Medico, Inc., 2–1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565–0871, Japan

Affiliation Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565–0871, Japan

Amanda Nourse

Affiliation Molecular Interaction Analysis Shared Resource, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, 38105, United States of America

Tomas Obsil

Affiliation Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, 12843, Czech Republic

Chad K. Park

Affiliation Analytical Biophysics & Materials Characterization, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, United States of America

Jin-Ku Park

Affiliation Central Instrument Center, Mokpo National University, Muan, 534–729, Korea

Peter D. Pawelek

Affiliation Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada

Erby E. Perdue

Affiliation Beckman Coulter, Inc., Life Science Division, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46268, United States of America

Stephen J. Perkins

Affiliation Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Darwin Building, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom

Matthew A. Perugini

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia

Craig L. Peterson

Affiliation Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01605, United States of America

Martin G. Peverelli

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia

Grzegorz Piszczek

Affiliation Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States of America

Gali Prag

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel

Peter E. Prevelige

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, United States of America

Bertrand D. E. Raynal

Affiliation Institut Pasteur, Centre of Biophysics of Macromolecules and Their Interactions, Paris, 75724, France

Lenka Rezabkova

Affiliation Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

Klaus Richter

Affiliation Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany

Alison E. Ringel

Affiliation Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, United States of America

Rose Rosenberg

Affiliation Physical Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany

Arthur J. Rowe

Affiliation National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom

Arne C. Rufer

Affiliation Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-LaRoche Ltd., Basel, 4070, Switzerland

David J. Scott

Affiliation Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxfordshire, OX11 0FA, United Kingdom

Javier G. Seravalli

Affiliation Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, United States of America

Alexandra S. Solovyova

Affiliation Proteome and Protein Analysis, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom

Renjie Song

Affiliation Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, 12208, United States of America

David Staunton

Affiliation Molecular Biophysics Suite, Department of Biochemistry, Oxford, Oxon, OX1 3QU, United Kingdom

Caitlin Stoddard

Affiliations Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, United States of America, Tetrad Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, United States of America

Katherine Stott

Affiliation Biochemistry Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, United Kingdom

Holger M. Strauss

Affiliation Diabetes Biophysics, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, 2760, Denmark

Werner W. Streicher

Current address: Novozymes A/S, Krogshoejvej 36, Bagsvaerd, 2880, Denmark

Affiliation Protein Function and Interactions, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark

John P. Sumida

Affiliation Analytical Biopharmacy Core, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, United States of America

Sarah G. Swygert

Affiliation Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01605, United States of America

Roman H. Szczepanowski

Affiliation Core Facility, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, 02–109, Poland

Ingrid Tessmer

Affiliation Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany

Ronald T. Toth IV

Affiliation Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, 66047, United States of America

Ashutosh Tripathy

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, United States of America

Susumu Uchiyama

Affiliation Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565–0871, Japan

Stephan F. W. Uebel

Affiliation Biochemistry Core Facility, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany

Satoru Unzai

Affiliation Drug Design Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, 230–0045, Japan

Anna Vitlin Gruber

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel

Peter H. von Hippel

Affiliation Institute of Molecular Biology and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403, United States of America

Christine Wandrey

Affiliation Laboratoire de Médecine Régénérative et de Pharmacobiologie, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland

Szu-Huan Wang

Affiliation Biophysics Core Facility, Scientific Instrument Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan

Steven E. Weitzel

Affiliation Institute of Molecular Biology and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403, United States of America

Beata Wielgus-Kutrowska

Affiliation Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02–089, Poland

Cynthia Wolberger

Affiliation Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, United States of America

Martin Wolff

Affiliation ICS-6, Structural Biochemistry, Research Center Juelich, 52428, Juelich, Germany

Edward Wright

Affiliation Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996–0840, United States of America

Yu-Sung Wu

Affiliation Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, 19716, United States of America

Jacinta M. Wubben

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia

Peter Schuck

schuckp@mail.nih.gov

Affiliation Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly Section, Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: HZ RG PS. Performed the experiments: HZ CA FA IA DLB MMB DFB GJB A. Bekdemir TMDB CB CAB OB A. Bzowska JBC CTC HC KDC KAC UC TD WLD AID CE DME LEE EE PE CE JAF RF RMF WF JGT JG HG DH SEH JGHC ABH EEH RSI S-CJ DJ S-JK BK JAK D. Kosek EK D. Krzizike EAK HK AL TML AR APL HL KL JRL JM CAM ELM AM-W Y-FM NM LN-S GJN MN AN TO CKP J-KP PDP SJP MAP CLP MGP G. Piszczek G. Prag PEP BDER LR KR AER RR AJR ACR DJS JGS ASS RS DS CS KS HMS WWS JPS SGS RHS IT RTT AT S. Uchiyama SFWU S. Unzai AVG PHH C. Wandrey S-HW SEW BW-K C. Wolberger MW EW Y-SW JMW. Analyzed the data: HZ RG WB EEP PS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: HZ PS. Wrote the paper: HZ RG PS.