About the Authors

Rafael Bermúdez

Contributed equally to this work with: Rafael Bermúdez, Yuanyuan Feng

jrbermud@espol.edu.ec

Affiliations GEOMAR | Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany, Facultad de Ingeniería Marítima, Ciencias Biológicas, Oceánicas y Recursos Naturales, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Guayaquil, Ecuador

Yuanyuan Feng

Contributed equally to this work with: Rafael Bermúdez, Yuanyuan Feng

Affiliation Department of Botany, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand

Michael Y. Roleda

Affiliations Department of Botany, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, Bioforsk Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Bodø, Norway

Avery O. Tatters

Affiliation Marine and Environmental Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

David A. Hutchins

Affiliation Marine and Environmental Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Thomas Larsen

Affiliation Leibniz-Laboratory for Radiometric Dating and Stable Isotope Research, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany

Philip W. Boyd

Affiliation Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia

Catriona L. Hurd

Affiliations Department of Botany, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia

Ulf Riebesell

Affiliation GEOMAR | Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany

Monika Winder

Affiliation Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: YF MYR AOT DAH PWB CLH. Performed the experiments: YF MYR AOT. Analyzed the data: RB TL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: YF MYR AOT DAH PWB CLH TL RB UR MW. Wrote the paper: RB MW UR.