About the Authors

Bérengère Boutard

‡ These authors contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Immunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium

Sophie Vankerckhove

‡ These authors contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Immunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium

Nicolas Markine-Goriaynoff

Affiliation Immunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium

Mickaël Sarlet

Affiliation Pathology, Department of Morphology and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium

Daniel Desmecht

Affiliation Pathology, Department of Morphology and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium

Grant McFadden

Affiliation Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America

Alain Vanderplasschen

Affiliation Immunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium

Laurent Gillet

L.gillet@ulg.ac.be

Affiliation Immunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: BB SV GM AV LG. Performed the experiments: BB SV NMG MS LG. Analyzed the data: BB SV DD GM AV LG. Wrote the paper: BB LG.