About the Authors

Giuseppe Astarita

Current address: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America; Health Sciences, Waters Corporation, Milford, Massachusetts, United States of America

‡ These authors contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Department of Pharmacology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America

Agnesa Avanesian

‡ These authors contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Department of Pharmacology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America

Benedetto Grimaldi

‡ These authors contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Drug Discovery and Development, Italian Institute of Technology, Genoa, Italy

Natalia Realini

‡ These authors contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Drug Discovery and Development, Italian Institute of Technology, Genoa, Italy

Zuzana Justinova

Affiliations Preclinical Pharmacology Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Departement of Psychiatry, MPRC, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Leight V. Panlilio

Affiliation Preclinical Pharmacology Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Abdul Basit

Affiliation Drug Discovery and Development, Italian Institute of Technology, Genoa, Italy

Steven R. Goldberg

† Deceased.

Affiliation Preclinical Pharmacology Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Daniele Piomelli

piomelli@uci.edu

Affiliations Drug Discovery and Development, Italian Institute of Technology, Genoa, Italy, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors disclose the following conflict of interest: GA, AA and DP are inventors on the following US patent application by the Regents University of California and Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia: Methods of treatment, diagnosis and monitoring for methamphetamine toxicity which target ceramide metabolic pathways and cellular senescence, WO 2013/149250.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: DP GA AA NR BG ZJ. Performed the experiments: GA AA NR ZJ BG. Analyzed the data: GA AA NR ZJ AB BG LVP. Wrote the paper: DP. Supervised experiments: DP SRG.