About the Authors

Fuminari Uehara

Affiliations AntiCancer, Inc., 7917 Ostrow Street, San Diego, California 92111, United States of America, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, 200 West Arbor Drive, San Diego, California 92103, United States of America, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0125, Japan

Yukihiko Hiroshima

Affiliations AntiCancer, Inc., 7917 Ostrow Street, San Diego, California 92111, United States of America, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, 200 West Arbor Drive, San Diego, California 92103, United States of America

Shinji Miwa

Affiliations AntiCancer, Inc., 7917 Ostrow Street, San Diego, California 92111, United States of America, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, 200 West Arbor Drive, San Diego, California 92103, United States of America

Yasunori Tome

Affiliations AntiCancer, Inc., 7917 Ostrow Street, San Diego, California 92111, United States of America, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, 200 West Arbor Drive, San Diego, California 92103, United States of America, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0125, Japan

Shuya Yano

Affiliations AntiCancer, Inc., 7917 Ostrow Street, San Diego, California 92111, United States of America, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, 200 West Arbor Drive, San Diego, California 92103, United States of America

Mako Yamamoto

Affiliation AntiCancer, Inc., 7917 Ostrow Street, San Diego, California 92111, United States of America

Yasunori Matsumoto

Affiliation Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, 200 West Arbor Drive, San Diego, California 92103, United States of America

Hiroki Maehara

Affiliation Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0125, Japan

Kazuhiro Tanaka

Affiliation Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0125, Japan

Michael Bouvet

Affiliation Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, 200 West Arbor Drive, San Diego, California 92103, United States of America

Fuminori Kanaya

Affiliation Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0125, Japan

Robert M. Hoffman

all@anticancer.com

Affiliations AntiCancer, Inc., 7917 Ostrow Street, San Diego, California 92111, United States of America, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, 200 West Arbor Drive, San Diego, California 92103, United States of America

Competing Interests

Yukihiko Hiroshima, Shinji Miwa, Shuya Yano, Mako Yamamoto, and Robert M. Hoffman are unpaid affiliates of AntiCancer Inc. Fuminari Uehara and Yasunori Tome were former affiliates of AntiCancer Inc. Robert M. Hoffman is a PLOS ONE Editorial Board Member. AntiCancer Inc. markets animal models of cancer. There are no other competing interests. There are no patents, products in development, or marketed products to declare. This does not alter the authors’ adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: FU RMH. Performed the experiments: FU YH. Analyzed the data: FU YH SM YT SY MY YM HM KT MB FK RMH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: RMH. Wrote the paper: FY YT RMH.